你决定你需要一个机器人定位器......但你需要多少轴?
There are so many models of positioner with so many different styles. Some have 1 simple axis but others have many!
更令人困惑的是定位器可以拥有的配置范围。轴可以垂直,水平地安装和以任何角度安装。
用太多或太少的轴挑选定位器可能意味着浪费的预算;但有多少太多了!?
如果您正在考虑机器人定位器,那么现在您可能已经看过几种不同的模型。您可能已经看到单轴转盘,双轴定位器和多轴摩天人轮子。您可能探索了不同的品牌,款式和价格范围。
到目前为止,如果你是诚实的,你可能开始有点厌倦定位器。
定位器的问题是,这不仅仅是一个简单的案例,说“我会买这个”并将其留下。您选择的定位器会影响整合和编程机器人单元的容易程度。你不想选择错误的一个,让自己更加艰难地部署和编程机器人。
For example, if you were to get a 5-axis positioner with a 6-axis robot, that’s 11 axes you need to control! If it’s necessary to have that many axes, fine. But, if it’s not necessary you may regret your purchase.
为什么“有多少轴?”是一个令人困惑的问题
Asking how many axes your mechanism needs is a very natural question. However, it’s a tricky question to answer satisfactorily.
当我们单独谈论工业机器人时,一个共同的答案就是这样说需要6轴机器人。这并不总是如此,但大多数时候都是真的。原因是,需要6个轴来从任何位置和方向到达机器人工作空间中的点。
As we explained in ourEuler Angle Primer那the position of a robot’s end effector is controlled with 6 parameters: 3 translational parameters (X, Y, and Z) and 3 rotational parameters (Rot[X], Rot[Y], and Rot[Z]).
如果您的机器人少于6轴,您将限制机器人的灵活性。这对一些机器人来说是有道理的 - 例如码垛机器人which only need to approach objects from above. However, in general, 6-axis industrial robots are the most useful for a wide range of tasks.
Beyond the 6-axes, however, your mechanism becomes “redundant.”
“当它具有比执行给定任务所需的自由度(DOF)具有更多程度的自由度(DOF),操纵器被称为冗余。”
Prisma Lab.
For example, 7-axis robots can reach the same points in their workspace as a 6-DoF robot. However, the control of a redundant mechanism becomes more complicated. As a result, you don’t want to add extra DoF if they are not needed.
添加定位器意味着将更多DOF添加到机器人。这可能是也可能不会导致冗余系统。
Whether you need extra DoF depends on the specific needs of your task.
识别您申请所需的轴数的7个步骤
磨练您需要多少轴的方式是在您的应用程序的要求中更接近。
这是一个可以用来识别可能为您工作的潜在定位器的过程。它允许您放大一些潜在模型并正确评估它们。如果没有这些选项都是合适的,那么您可以再次缩小并使用您学习的信息来选择更好的定位器。
- 看看任务的要求,特别是在需要的工作空间上。做到这一点的一种是在建立您的应用程序一个机器人模拟器。
- 请注意,单独使用机器人时,无法进行哪些方面。工作区的哪些部分无法访问?哪个动作是不可能的?
- With this information, make an educated guess at one or two types of positioner that might suit your needs. Remember to take into account the payload that is required to hold your workpieces.
- Find some positioners on the market that could meet your criteria and test them out in your simulation. For each positioner you try, make sure to save your setup as a new project as you will come back to one of the projects later.
- 如果其中一个型号完美地工作,很棒!即便如此,测试一些选项以查看真正需要的属性。请记住,您不想最终超过您需要的DOF。
- If none of the models works for your application, use the information you have gathered to refine your requirements.
- 回到市场,寻找一个或两个符合这些新要求的型号。在您选择之前再次测试在您的模拟中。
Using a process like this removes some of the guesswork from identifying the right number of axes. With each test in your simulation, you learn a little bit more about what you really need from a positioner to complete your task.
Make a Choice and Work With It
一旦您在为任务工作的模型上归零,您可以在模拟器中更彻底地向前移动并更彻底地开发应用程序。
使用所选的定位器打开已保存的项目并将其完善到完整的应用程序中。这将允许您测试任务的所有方面并准备应用程序以便于集成。
一旦您购买了您的定位器,您不需要关注更多轴可能会使任务受益。机器人非常灵活,通常有多种方法可以通过单个机器人实现相同的动作。
If you encounter any problems when you’re deploying the robot, you will almost certainly be able to find a solution using the equipment you have. This is the value of making purchasing choices using a simulator as a testbench.
你一直在考虑什么类型的定位器?在下面的评论中告诉我们或加入讨论LinkedIn那Twitter那Facebook,Instagram那or inRobodk论坛。




